ADV. 16.6 DOING RESEARCH

I. DISCUSSING INDUSTRIAL ESPIONAGE 

1. ESPIONAGE WORDS

spying - шпионаж
glamorous - гламурный
industrial espionage - промышленный шпионаж
when someone steals information about a company's plans, products, customers or trade secrets

reverse engineering - обратная разработка
taking something apart to see how it is made

counterparts - стороны соглашения
value engineering - оптимизация стоимости
modified - модифицированный 
retained - сохраненный
functionality - функциональные возможности
analyzed - проанализированный 
trade secret - secret information about a company's product or methods
to coerce - to force or threaten someone to give you something
to blackmail -  to threaten to tell somebody's secret in order to get them to do something for you
intellectual property - ideas that are protected by the law


2. LISTENING FOR SPECIFICS AND SEQUENCING 

The information was confidential and coded.
Garry was blackmailed into giving competitors information.
Garry got caught for industrial espionage.
The rival probably bribed Garry into giving the information.
Garry gave out trade secret information on his company's products.

Which employee has a problem with what the alleged thieves did?
Which company has been subject to industrial espionage?
Which company has been subject to computer hacking?


3. SIGNPOSTING


Who sometimes steals company secrets?
- government agents
- former executives
- resentful IT professionals
- low-level employees

Industrial espionage is one of the most unethical acts in the business field. It is a cowardly act, and it must be stopped. Today, I'll talk about the reasons why people engage in industrial espionage.
Why do people do it? I'll start off by giving you reasons why some ex-employees commit industrial espionage. First , people commit industrial espionage to get money. If an employee loses his or her job, then he or she often looks for a way to get money out of their old company. They may turn to a rival and offer information for a fee. Second , people commit industrial espionage because they were fired, and they are tempted to get back at the employer. In addition , some employees are bribed into committing industrial espionage by a rival company.Again , the main motivator here is money.
To conclude , industrial espionage is unethical, and we all need to do our share to spread the word.




II. EVALUATING PRODUCT PROPOSALS 

1. DISCOVERING ORIGINS 

cutting-edge - передовой

The development of driverless cars is really cutting edge . Only a few companies are doing it.

When developing a new product, there are extensive experiments conducted to test feasibility.

To avoid catastrophe , there are government regulations for pharmaceutical products.

The  theoretical possibilities are endless. That's why companies hire highly educated researchers indevelopment.

We want information about the universe's origins.

2. SCANNING AND SKIMMING

Living the dormitory life? Your whole life is on your laptop: your school papers, contacts, financial information, music, and pictures. If you don’t want anyone snooping around, copying your homework or stealing your financial information, then the “Laptop Vault” is for you! This isn’t just a little padlock that can easily be cut off, this is serious armour. You put your laptop inside a metal box with a lock that bolts to your bed or furniture. Not only can you keep your laptop safe, but you can also keep your phone, wallet or anything else inside it. It’s genius!

Not getting enough sleep lately? Getting a little sleepy during the day but no place to lie down? Take along this new invention, the Napper, and you can get some shut-eye anywhere. When deflated, the Napper can fit in one of your desk drawers at work, but when you need to get your nap in, just blow it up with the compressor and in seconds you have a comfy, portable bed to rest on. Live alone and feeling a bit wary at night? The next best thing to a dog is “Woof”, an alarm system that doesn’t sound an alarm when someone is trying to intrude but barks ferociously. It couldn’t be easier to use! Just place a bar against the door and once someone tries to push on the door, your “dog” starts to bark! Much more convenient than having a real dog, but just as safe. A little hot under the collar? Not anymore! The “tie fan” helps you keep cool while wearing a tie. Just plug it in and your tie gives you a breeze! Easy to clip on and take off. You’ll be the coolest in the office! Not a morning person? Find it hard to get up in the morning? Never wake up late again with the “Breakfast Alarm Clock.” Wake up to the sound and aroma of sizzling bacon and scrambled eggs! Put in an egg and a piece of bacon, set the alarm and the sound and smell will wake you up! All you have to make is the coffee!

Cool it!

A little hot under the collar? Not anymore! The 'Tie Fan' can help you keep cool. Just plug it in, and your tie gives you a breeze! Easy to clip on and take off. You'll be the coolest in the office!

Beware!

Do you live alone? Do you feel unsafe at night? Get the new 'Woof' alarm system! When someone tries to enter your house at night, the alarm barks ferociously just like a dog!

Take a break!

Not getting enough sleep? With the 'Napper,' you can get some shut-eye anywhere. Just blow it up with the compressor, and in seconds you have a comfy, portable bed.

Breakfast in bed!

Finding it hard to get up in the morning? Never wake up late again with the 'Breakfast Alarm Clock.' Wake up to the sound and aroma of sizzling bacon and scrambled eggs!

My younger sister is always snooping around in my room, so I put a lock on the door.

I'm going to head home and get some shut-eye, since I didn't sleep well last night.
I'm a bit wary of the quality of clothes I buy online.

I love the complex and exotic aroma of curries.
3. ELLIPSIS-QUESTIONS 

Using ellipsis to ask informal questions

We sometimes drop auxiliary verbs like do or be and the subject from the beginning of a question when we are speaking informally. For example, the full form of the first question below would be, Are you living the dormitory life? (Are you) Living the dormitory life?(Are you) Not getting enough sleep lately?(Is it) A little hot under the collar?(Are you) Not a morning person?  (Do you) need some help? (Are you) bored doing your homework? (Do you) want to learn a new language? (Do you) want to save money? I'd like to run some ideas by you. I'd love to get your opinion. I've got a prototype ready. Who's your target audience? What's the product tagline?

III. UNCOVERING THE TRUE BEHIND MYTHS 

1. THE MYTH OF PROMETHEUS 

quest
myth
allusion - аллюзия
insolence - наглость
arrogantly - высокомерно
heedlessness - безрассудство
moral obligations

Scientists are defined by their quest for knowledge.

The Prometheus myth still carries a powerful message.

Even today, writers and artists makeallusions to the story of Prometheus.

Insolence was seen by the gods as deserving punishment.

Dr. Frankenstein behaved arrogantly by attempting to play God.

Failing to think about the consequences of your actions is termed heedlessness.

2. WORDS RELATING TO TRUTH 

naive - lacking experience, believing that most people are honest 
gullible - ready to believe what other people say
implausible - difficult to believe, not likely to be true 
(give) the benefit of the doubt - to believe someone even though they may be lying 

Disbelief

unbelievable
doubtful
improbable
unlikely

Belief

without doubt
probable
plausible
possible


3. STATING AN OPINION 

We'll have to agree to disagree.
I disagree.
So do I.
Me neither.
Good idea.
I'm with..
How about you?
What do you think?
What are your ideas?
What's your opinion? 
Do you have any thoughts?
I believe...
I don't believe...
I agree with...
That's not right. 

Some urban legends aren't very realistic.
It's just a fable. Это просто выдумка
Myths can be metaphors for the society.
Urban legends are just fables.
Fairy tales are just stories.


IV. WRITING ABOUT A LEGENDARY CREATURE 

1. EUREKA!

dedication - преданность
research - исследование
inspired - вдохновленный
displaced - перемещенный
determine - определять
glue - клей
hymn book - сборник церковных гимнов
Eureka moment - момент озарения

The first step to discovery is research .

Data analysis helps scientists determine the truth about a situation.


When scientists are stuck, they often take a break in the hopes of having a 
Eureka moment.

A good scientist must have dedication .

I need some glue to stick these papers together.


2. PHENOMENA

eluding - escaping or managing to avoid
skeptics - people who have doubts about the truth or likelihood of something
trends - observable patterns of behavior
encounters - when you meet someone unexpectedly
existence - the state of being real or alive
sightings - occasions when something elusive is seen
elusive - неуловимый

Bigfoot is always able to elude human contact.
Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster and crop circles are legends.
People who don't believe in something are skeptics.

Critics don't believe in the existence of Bigfoot.

3. SEARCHING FOR THE TRUTH 

There are many names for it: Yeti, Sasquatch, Kaptar, Kikomba and, in North America, Big Foot. All around the world there have been sightings of a mysterious creature that stands 8-9 feet tall. Just like the Loch Ness Monster and Crop Circles, for centuries people have been searching for the truth on the legend of Big Foot.
Where does Big Foot come from? The researchers who believe in the existence of this creature believe that Big Foot is a relative of the Gigantopithecus, a giant ape which has been extinct for over 100,000 years. There have been hundreds of reported encounters with Big Foot worldwide, but critics ask for proof.
Most of the incidents related to Big Foot involve a lone camper or hiker. The trend seems to be that there is only one person who sees the creature at a time. Critics find this a bit dubious. Also, skeptics often ask, if there are so many occurrences with these creatures, why aren’t there more photographs of them?
Supporters of Big Foot counter these arguments. They say that the person who sees the creature is so surprised that they are not in a position to take a picture. They also claim that if these creatures have been around over 100,000 years then they have learned to adapt and survive in this world, eluding humans.